Transliteration:( Wa aatainaahum baiyinaatim minal amri famakh talafooo illaa mim ba'di maa jaaa'ahumul 'ilmu baghyam bainahum; inna Rabbaka yaqdee bainahum Yawmal Qiyaamati feemaa kaanoo feehi yakhtalifoon )
"And We gave them bright arguments [32] regarding Our laws, but they did not differ [33] after true knowledge had come to them through mutual jealousy [34]. Certainly, your Lord will decide between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that wherein they differ [35]."
This means that Allah granted the Israelites clear proofs regarding the coming of the Holy Prophet ﷺ, and all these signs were clearly mentioned in their scriptures, including his noble attributes.
Before the blessed advent of the Prophet ﷺ, they were eagerly awaiting his arrival, but after he came, many among them denied his Prophethood, despite previously acknowledging the signs.
This teaches us that true knowledge is meant to eliminate disputes. However, when jealousy enters a scholar, it leads to greater discord. Even Shaitaan, despite his knowledge, was ruined due to envy of Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him).
Though verbal judgments from Allah have already occurred in this world, the final and practical judgment—where evildoers will be cast into Hell and the righteous into Paradise—will occur on the Day of Resurrection, which is why it is called the Day of Separation.
The tafsir of Surah Jathiya verse 17 by Ibn Kathir is unavailable here.
Please refer to Surah Jathiya ayat 16 which provides the complete commentary from verse 16 through 20.
(45:17) We gave them clear directions in matters pertaining to religion. Yet they differed among themselves (not out of ignorance but) after knowledge had come to them; and they did so out of the desire to commit excesses against one another.[22] On the Day of Resurrection Allah will judge among them regarding what they had differed.
22. For explanation, see (Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayat 213); (Surah Aal-Imran, Ayat 19) and (Surah Ash-Shura, ayat 26) note 22-23.
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