Transliteration:( Qul li'ibaadiyal lazeena aamanoo yuqeemus Salaata wa yunfiqoo mimmaa razaqnaahum sirranw wa 'alaaniyatam min qabli any yaatiya Yawmul laa bai'un feehi wa laa khilaal )
31. Say to My servants who have believed, "Establish prayer [67] and spend from what We have provided them, secretly and publicly, before the arrival of a Day in which there will be neither commerce nor friendship [68]."
This verse teaches that acts of worship like Salah (prayer), fasting, Zakat, and charity are addressed only to believers.
Though faith (Iman) is to be propagated to non-believers, ritual commands are only given to those who already believe.
This emphasizes the hierarchy in da'wah: first establish faith, then instruct about worship and obligations.
On that Day, no buying or selling will be possible to earn reward.
No inter-human friendship or influence will help unless Allah permits it.
This also rules out the idea that someone can purchase good deeds or plead for them from others.
Key ruling:
Obligatory physical acts like Salah and fasting cannot be performed on behalf of another person.
However, monetary acts (like Hajj-e-Badal, paying someone’s Zakat, or offering Qurbani on their behalf) are valid if done with proper intention and authorization.
The "Day" here may refer to either the Day of Judgement or the day of death—both marking the end of opportunity to act.
31. Say to My servants who have believed, that they should perform the Salah, and spend (in charity) out of the sustenance We have given them, secretly and openly, before the coming of a Day on which there will be neither mutual bargaining nor befriending.
Allah orders His servants to obey Him, fulfill His rights and be kind to His creatures. He ordained the prayer, which affirms the worship of Allah alone, without partners, and to spend from the provisions that He has granted them, by paying the due Zakah, spending on relatives and being kind to all others. Establishing the prayer requires performing it on time, perfectly, preserving its act of bowing having humility during it, and preserving its prostrations. Allah has ordained spending from what He granted, in secret and public, so that the people save themselves,
(before the coming of a Day), the Day of Resurrection,
(on which there will be neither mutual bargaining nor befriending.) on which no ransom will be accepted from anyone, if he seeks to buy himself. Allah said in another Ayah,
(So this Day no ransom shall be taken from you, nor of those who disbelieved.) ﴿57:15﴾ Allah said here,
(nor befriending.) Ibn Jarir commented, “Allah says that on that Day, there will be no friendship between friends that might save those deserving punishment from it. Rather, on that Day, there will be fairness and justice.” Qatadah said, “Allah knows that in this life, there is mutual bargaining and there are friendships which people benefit from. A man chooses his friends and the reasons behind befriending them; if it was for Allah’s sake, their friendship should be maintained, but if it was for other than Allah, their friendship is bound to be cutoff.” I say that the meaning of this, is that Allah the Exalted is declaring that on that Day, no mutual bargaining or ransom will avail anyone, even if he ransoms himself with the earth’s fill of gold if he could find that amount! No friendship or intercession shall avail one if he meets Allah while a disbeliever. Allah the Exalted said,
(And fear the Day when no person shall avail another, nor shall compensation be accepted from him, nor shall intercession be of use to him, nor shall they be helped.)﴿2:123﴾ and,
(O you believe! Spend of that with which We have provided for you, before a Day comes when there will be no bargaining, nor friendship, nor intercession. And it is the disbelievers who are the wrongdoers.)﴿2:254﴾
(14:31) (O Prophet), tell those of My servants who believe that they should establish Prayer and spend out of what We have provided them with,[41] both secretly and openly, before there arrives the Day when there will be no bargaining, nor any mutual befriending.[42]
41. That is, the believers should adopt an attitude of gratitude in contrast to the disbelievers (Surah Ibrahim, Ayat 29). The practical form their gratitude should take is that they should establish Salat and spend their wealth in the way of Allah.
42. That is, on that Day none shall be able to rescue himself either by ransom or by intercession.
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