Transliteration:( Lahoo mu'aqqibaatum mim baini yadaihi wa min khalfihee yahfazoonahoo min amril laah; innal laaha laa yughaiyiru maa biqawmin hattaa yughaiyiroo maa bianfusihim; wa izaaa araadal laahu biqawmin sooo'an falaa maradda lah; wa maa lahum min dooniheeminw waal )
"For each person, there are angels in succession before [28] and behind him, guarding him by Allah’s command [29]. Indeed, Allah does not change the condition of a people until they change what is within themselves [30]. And when Allah intends to bring calamity upon a people, it cannot be averted [31], and they have no protector besides Him [32]."
Sixty or fewer angels are assigned to every human for protection.
Two angels are specifically appointed to each person who has reached puberty and intelligence to record good and bad deeds.
Says Allah Almighty: "One sitting on the right and another at the left" (S50:V17)
After Fajr Salaah, the angels of the night depart; after Asr Salaah, angels of the day depart.
During Fajr and Asr, angels of day and night meet and exchange duties.
Says Allah Almighty: "No doubt angels are present in the Qur'an of the dawn." (S17:V78)
Angels of protection remain with each person at all times.
When a person is greeted, plural pronouns are used to include these angels in the greeting.
These angels guard humans from jinn and other unseen harms.
This shows that punishment descends due to evil deeds.
Iblees (the devil) was destroyed due to his disobedience.
Bal’am Bawoor was destroyed because of his betrayal.
The people of Dawud (peace be upon him) were turned into monkeys and swine because of habitual sin.
If Allah Almighty wills the destruction of an infidel nation, no force can prevent it.
Seeking medicine or offering du’a during hardship is not a contradiction to this belief—it is a part of the system created by Allah Almighty.
The infidels have no protectors, no supporters.
In contrast, Allah Almighty has appointed many helpers, guardians, and heirs for the believers.
The absence of aid is part of the punishment for the disbelievers, while believers are protected from this disgrace.
The tafsir of Surah Ar-Ra’d verse 11 by Ibn Kathir is unavailable here.
Please refer to Surah Rad ayat 10 which provides the complete commentary from verse 10 through 11.
(13:11) There are guardians over everyone, both before him and behind him, who guard him by Allah’s command.[18] Verily Allah does not change a people’s condition unless they change their inner selves. And when Allah decides to make a people suffer punishment, no one can avert it. Nor can any be of help to such a people against Allah.[19]
18. That is, Allah not only directly watches over whatever each person does, and is fully aware of everything he does, but He has also appointed such guardians as accompany him everywhere and keep a full record of all his deeds. This has been stated here to warn those people who live their lives under the delusion that they have been left absolutely free to do whatever they like and shall not be required to render an account of what they did in this worldly life. The warning is that such people invite their own retribution.
19. This is to warn them further that they should not remain under any delusion that some holy person or saint or angel has the power to rescue them from divine retribution, for there is none who could defend them against Allah, even though they might have been paying homage and making offerings to their so called patrons and protectors in the hope that they would rescue them from punishment from Allah on the Day of Judgment.
[631]- Replacing each other by turn. [632]- The phrase may also be rendered "...who guard him from [everything except] the decree of Allāh." [633]- i.e., punishment or destruction because of their sins.
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