Transliteration:( Wa izaa massan naasa durrun da'aw Rabbahum muneebeena ilaihi summa izaaa azaqahum minhu rahmatan izaa fareequm minhum be Rabbihim yushrikoon )
72. Here, people denotes the infidels and polytheists and by difficulties is meant hardships e.g. sickness, famine, etc. as is evident from the subject matter that follows.
73. Many times during their time of difficulties the infidels of Makkah themselves before the and request him to صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم would Holy present Prophet pray to Allah Almighty on their behalf. Even the Pharaoh would ask Hazrat Musa (On whom be peace) to pray for him whenever he was in difficulty. Even today, very obdurate polytheists in their severe illnesses request pious Muslims to pray for them All this is part of their turning to Allah AlmightyÂ
74.From this we learn that even the infidels obtain some bounties of Allah Almighty in this world. whether in the form of acceptance of their prayers (duas) and in some other ways Or the dua they ask a Muslim to make for them, which gains acceptance in the court of Allah Almighty.
75. It means that some infidels repent when in difficulty and then become believers, while others revert back to infidelity and polytheism. Says Allah Almighty: "And when He brings them to safety, then some of them keep to the middle course...."(S31-V32) For this reason the word "group" is being used here.
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33. And when harm touches men, they cry sincerely only to their Lord, turning to Him in repentance; but when He gives them a taste of His mercy, behold, a party of them associates partners in worship with their Lord. 34. So as to be ungrateful for the graces which We have bestowed on them. Then enjoy; but you will come to know. 35. Or have We revealed to them an authority, which speaks of that which they have been associating with Him 36. And when We cause mankind to taste of mercy, they rejoice therein; but when some evil afflicts them because of what their hands have sent forth, behold, they are in despair! 37. Do they not see that Allah expands the provision for whom He wills and straitens (it for whom He wills). Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people who believe.
Allah tells us that when man is in dire straits, he calls upon Allah alone with no partner or associate, then when times of ease come and they have the choice, some people associate others with Allah and worship others alongside Him.
(So as to be ungrateful for the graces which We have bestowed on them.) Then Allah warns them by saying:
(but you will come to know.) One of them said: By Allah, if a law enforcment officer were to say this to me, I would be afraid, so how about when the One Who is issuing the warning is the One Who merely says to a thing “Be!†and it is Then Allah denounces the idolators for fabricating lies and worshipping others instead of Him with no evidence or proof:
(Or have We revealed to them an authority,) means, proof.
(which speaks) means, tells
(of that which they have been associating with Him) This is a rhetorical question intended to denounce them, for they have no such thing.
(And when We cause mankind to taste of mercy, they rejoice therein; but when some evil afflicts them because of what their hands have sent forth, behold, they are in despair!) This is a denunciation of man for the way he is, except for those whom Allah protects and helps, for when man is given blessings, he is proud, and says:
(“Ills have departed from me.†Surely, he is exultant, and boastful.) (11:10) He rejoices over himself and boasts to others, but when difficulties befall him, He despairs of ever having anything good again. Allah says:
(Except those who show patience and do righteous good deeds). They are patient during times of difficulty and do good deeds at times of ease. It was reported in the Sahih:
(How wonderful is the affair of the believer. Allah does not decree anything for him but it is good for him. If good things happen to him, he gives thanks, and that is good for him; and if bad things happen to him, he bears that with patience, and that is good for him.)
(Do they not see that Allah expands the provision for whom He wills and straitens (it for whom He wills).) He is the One Who is controlling and doing that, by His wisdom and justice, so He expands the provision for some people and restricts it for some.
(Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people who believe.)
52. This is a clear proof of the fact that in the depths of their heart there still exists an evidence of Tauhid. Whenever the hopes start crumbling, their hearts cry out from within that the real Ruler of the universe is its Master and His help alone can improve their lot.
53. That is, they again start presenting offerings before other deities, and claiming that their misfortune has been removed through the help and grace of such and such a saint and shrine.
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