Transliteration:( Fa waqaahul laahu saiyiaati maa makaroo wa haaqa bi Aali-Fir'awna sooo'ul 'azaab )
"So, Allah saved [119] him from the evils [120] of their plot, and an evil punishment surrounded (121) the people of Pharaoh."
This verse refers to a righteous Qibtee who was among the people of Pharaoh but attained salvation by believing in and following Hazrat Musa (On whom be peace). Despite belonging to a hostile community, his faith granted him Allah’s protection.
Additionally, it is narrated that even a Qibtee who disguised himself to resemble Hazrat Musa was saved. This act of imitation, done with pure intention, earned divine mercy, as referenced in the Hadith teaching: "Whoever imitates the ways of people..." (Mirqaat Sharah Mishkaat by Mullah Ali Qari).
The pious believer, often called Shaman or Herbeel, abandoned the sinful people of Pharaoh and sought refuge in a mountain cave. During his prayers (Salaah), Allah sent beasts and animals to guard him.
Pharaoh sent one thousand soldiers to capture him, but when they reached the cave’s mouth, the beasts attacked many soldiers, killing some and forcing others to flee and report the failure. To conceal this miraculous protection, Pharaoh ordered these soldiers to be hanged, preventing the secret from becoming known (Tafseer Khuzuinul Irfaan, Roohul Bayaan).
While the believer was saved, the people of Pharaoh were overwhelmed by an evil punishment. They were drowned alongside Pharaoh in this world and are destined to face severe torment in the grave and the Hereafter, illustrating the ultimate justice for their tyranny and disbelief.
The tafsir of Surah Muminun verse 45 by Ibn Kathir is unavailable here.
Please refer to Surah Muminun ayat 41 which provides the complete commentary from verse 41 through 46.
(40:45) Eventually Allah saved the person endowed with faith from all the evils of their guile,[61] and a woeful chastisement[62] encompassed the Pharaonites.
61. This shows that the Believer was such an important man in the kingdom of Pharaoh that although he spoke out the truth in the face of Pharaoh, in the packed court, yet none could have the courage to punish him publicly. That is why, Pharaoh and his supporters had to make secret plans to kill him, but these plans also were frustrated by Allah.
62. It so appears from the style that this event of the Believer’s speaking out the truth had taken place in the last stage of the conflict between the Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) and Pharaoh. Probably being fed up and disgusted with the long drawn out conflict, Pharaoh might have at last made up his mind to kill the Prophet Moses (peace be upon him). But he might have felt from the truthfulness of that influential person of his kingdom that the Prophet Moses’ (peace be upon him) influence had even reached the higher circles of his government. Therefore, he might have decided that before taking the extreme step against Moses (peace be upon him) he should find out who among the chiefs and nobles and higher officials of the kingdom had been influenced by the movement, and should seize Moses (peace be upon him) after having punished them. But while he was still busy devising his plans, Allah commanded the Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) and his companions to migrate, and it was while pursuing them that Pharaoh was drowned in the sea along with his hosts.
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