Transliteration:( Innnamaa ju'ilas Sabtu 'alal lazeenakhtalafoo feeh; wa inna Rabbaka la yahkumu bainahum Yawmal Qiyaamati feemaa kaanoo feehi yakhtalifoon )
124. The Saturday (Sabbath) was imposed only on those who differed [275] in it. And indeed, your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Judgement [276] concerning that in which they differed.
[275] Saturday (the Sabbath) was a sacred day specially ordained for the Jews, while Christians regard Sunday as holy, and Muslims observe Friday (Jumu'ah) as their day of congregational worship. The differences among these days are significant:
The Jews and Christians chose their days themselves, whereas Friday was appointed by Allah Almighty for Muslims.
The restrictions on their days were strict and for the whole day, while Muslims have light restrictions mainly around the time of Jumu'ah prayer.
For Jews and Christians, these restrictions were binding on all, but for Muslims, the obligations apply only to those required to attend Jumu'ah prayer.
Because of these differences, some were unable to observe the Sabbath as required.
[276] Prophet Musa (Moses) (peace be upon him) advised the Jews to choose a specific day for worship. While some accepted Friday, the majority insisted on Saturday. The Jews who agreed to Friday adhered to its restrictions, but many did not comply fully with the Sabbath laws on Saturday and continued hunting, which was forbidden.
Due to this disobedience and disagreement, Allah punished the transgressors by transforming them into monkeys and pigs, as mentioned in Surah Al-A'raf. This story highlights two important lessons:
It is vital to obey the explicit commands of a Prophet, not just his suggestions.
While the Prophet’s suggestions carry blessings, disregarding them can lead to severe consequences.
The verse serves as a reminder that divine judgment will settle these disputes on the Day of Judgment.
124. The Sabbath was only prescribed for those who differed concerning it, and verily, your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection about what they differed over.
There is no doubt that for every nation, Allah prescribed one day of the week for people to gather to worship Him. For this Ummah He prescribed Friday, because it is the sixth day, on which Allah completed and perfected His creation. On this day He gathered and completed His blessings for His servants. It was said that Allah prescribed this day for the Children of Israel through His Prophet Musa, but they changed it and chose Saturday because it was the day on which the Creator did not create anything, as He had completed His creation on Friday. Allah made observance of the Sabbath obligatory for them in the laws of the Tawrah (Torah), telling them to keep the Sabbath. At the same time, He told them to follow Muhammad when he was sent, and took their promises and covenant to that effect. Hence Allah says:
(The Sabbath was only prescribed for those who differed concerning it,) Mujahid said: “They observed the Sabbath (Saturday) and ignored Friday.” Then they continued to observe Saturday until Allah sent `Isa bin Maryam. It was said that he told them to change it to Sunday, and it was also said that he did not forsake the laws of the Tawrah except for a few rulings which were abrogated, and he continued to observe the Sabbath until he was taken up (into heaven). Afterwards, the Christians at the time of Constantine were the ones who changed it to Sunday in order to be different from the Jews, and they started to pray towards the east instead of facing the Dome (i.e., Jerusalem). And Allah knows best. It was reported in the Two Sahihs that Abu Hurayrah heard the Messenger of Allah say:
(We are the last, but we will be the first on the Day of Resurrection, even though they were given the Book before us. This is the day that Allah obligated upon them, but they differed concerning it. Allah guided us to this day, and the people observe their days after us, the Jews on the following day and the Christians on the day after that.) This version was recorded by Al-Bukhari. It was reported that Abu Hurayrah and Hudhayfah said that the Messenger of Allah said:
(Allah let the people who came before us stray from Friday, so the Jews had Saturday and the Christians had Sunday. Then Allah brought us and guided us to Friday. So now there are Friday, Saturday and Sunday, thus they will follow us on the Day of Resurrection. We are the last of the people of this world, but will be the first on the Day of Resurrection, and will be the first to be judged, before all of creation.) It was reported by Muslim.
(16:124) As for the Sabbath, it was made incumbent only on those who differed about its laws.[121] Certainly your Lord will judge on the Day of Resurrection between them regarding the matters they disputed.
121. This is the answer to their second objection. Obviously, there was no need to state that the restrictions about the Sabbath applied only to the Jews and had nothing to do with the law of Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him), because they themselves knew it. The restrictions were imposed upon the Jews because of their mischief and violations of the law. In order to understand fully the significance of this reference one is requested to read those passages of the Bible in which commandments about the Sabbath have been stated, e.g., Exodus 20: 8-11, 23: 12-13,31: 1-17, 35: 23, and Numbers 15: 32-36. Besides this, one should also be acquainted with the impudent violations of the Sabbath. See Jeremiah: 17: 21-27 and Ezekiel. 10: 18-24.
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