Transliteration:( Wa law laaa an tuseebahum museebatum bimaa qaddamat aideehim fa yaqooloo Rabbanaa law laaa arsalta ilainaa Rasoolan fanattabi'a Aayaatika wa nakoona minal mu'mineen )
"And if it had not been that a calamity would have struck them for what their own hands have sent before [123], they would have said, 'Our Lord, why did You not send us a Messenger so that we might have followed Your signs [124] and become believers?' [125]"
This means that had a Messenger not been sent, and the disbelievers of Makkah were punished in the Hereafter for their polytheism and disbelief, they would have claimed: “No Messenger came to us.”
So Allah sent the Prophet ﷺ beforehand, ensuring that the disbelievers have no excuse left.
With the arrival of the Prophet ﷺ, the infidels can no longer plead ignorance or ask for another chance. The divine signs have been conveyed, and proof has been established.
The use of "fa" here is for narrative sequence, not chronological action.
That is, although the Prophet ﷺ has already come, the punishment will be in the future—after the message has been rejected.
The tafsir of Surah Qasas verse 47 by Ibn Kathir is unavailable here.
Please refer to Surah Qasas ayat 44 which provides the complete commentary from verse 44 through 47.
(28:47) (We did so) lest a calamity might seize them because of the misdeeds they committed whereafter they would say: “Our Lord, why did you not send a Messenger to us that we follow Your revelation and become among those who believe?”[66]
66. This very thing has been presented at several places in the Quran as the reason for sending the messengers, but it will not be correct to conclude from this that a messenger should be sent on every occasion at every place for this purpose. As long as the message of a prophet remains intact in the world and the means of conveying it to others exist, there is no need for a new prophet, unless need arises to supplement the previous message, or to supplant it by a new message, Nevertheless, when the teachings of the prophets are forgotten, or become mixed up with errors and deviations and can no longer be relied upon as means of guidance, then the people do get a chance to make the excuse that there existed no arrangement whatsoever to make them aware of the distinction between the truth and the untruth and guide them to the right way: so they could not be guided aright. To meet such an excuse, Allah sends the prophets in such conditions so that any one who follows a wrong way after that may himself be held responsible for his going astray.
[1109]- The conclusion of the sentence is understood to be "...We would not have sent messengers," meaning that Allāh (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) sent messengers and sent Muḥammad (ﷺ) with the final scripture to mankind so that no one could claim that punishment was imposed unjustly without warning.
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