Transliteration:( Illaa tanfiroo yu'az zibkum 'azaaban aleemanw wa yastabdil qawman ghairakum wa laa tadurroohu shai'aa; wal laahu 'alaa kulli shai'in Qadeer )
If you do not go forth, He will punish you with a painful punishment [106] and will replace you with another people [107]. You will not harm Him in any way. And Allah has power over all things.
By "punishment" is meant that Allah Almighty will destroy you through severe drought and other calamities. This shows that sins cause worldly calamities, just as good deeds bring mercy.
Those obedient followers of the Holy Prophet ﷺ who prefer the Hereafter over this world — like the people of Yemen and Persia — will replace you. From this, we learn that the Religion of Allah is not dependent on us; rather, we are dependent on it. Propagation of Islam is a continuous process; Islam existed before us and will continue after us.
The tafsir of Surah Taubah verse 39 by Ibn Kathir is unavailable here.
Please refer to Surah Taubah ayat 38 which provides the complete commentary from verse 38 through 39.
(9:39) If you do not march forth, Allah will chastise you grievously[40] and will replace you by another people,[41] while you will in no way be able to harm Him. Allah has power over everything.
40. A general rule of the Islamic conduct has been derived from, “If you do not go forth, He will punish you with a painful punishment.” When the Muslims are commanded to go to Jihad by a public proclamation from their leader, it becomes an obligatory duty for those who are called upon to do Jihad, whether they belong to any particular group or region. So much so that the faith of those who do not go for Jihad without a genuine excuse becomes doubtful. But even in cases where the Muslims are called upon to go forth for Jihad and there is no command for the compulsory enrollment of every able-bodied Muslim of a particular group or region, it is a religious duty (though not obligatory), and it shall be considered to have been performed even if only some Muslims go forth for it.
41. That is, “Allah’s work does not depend on you and will be accomplished only if you do it. It is Allah’s grace and bounty that He is affording you the golden opportunity of serving the cause of His Way. Therefore if you miss this opportunity because of any foolish assumption, Allah will raise another people and bestow on them the opportunity and capability of doing His work, and you will be losers”.
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