Transliteration:( Wa laa tusalli 'alaaa ahadim minhum maata abadanw wa laa taqum 'alaa qabriheee innahum kafaroo billaahi wa Rasoolihee wa maatoo wa hum faasiqoon )
232. This verse serves as a proof for Salatul Janazah because performance of Salatul Janazah of infidels is being prohibited. This tells that Salatul Janazah of a believer is performed.
Also, visiting the graves of infidels is prohibited but the holy prophet was given permission to visit the grave of his mother Hazrat Bibi Amina which makes her a believer, though permission was not granted for offering prayer of forgiveness for her because she is sinless. We further learn that Salatul Janazah should not be offered of every one who professes to recite the Kalima.
233. Reason for its revelation: When the notorious hypocrite, Abdullah bin Ubay died his son Abdullah requested the Holy Prophet صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم to perform his Salatul Janazah and give his blessed shirt for him because this is what he had stipulated in his will. Also until that time there was no prohibition of performing Salatul Janazah of hypocrites.
Also the Holy Prophet صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم had prior knowledge that one thousand infidels would accept Islam due this benevolent act of his. Although Hazrat Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) tried to dissuade the Holy Prophet from this, the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم gave his blessed shirt and performed ibn Ubay's Janazah Salaah.
This verse was revealed on that occasion. On seeing that even a wretch like ibn Ubay too desires blessings from the clothes of the Holy Prophet a thousand infidels accepted صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم Islam.
From this a number of issues emerge:
1. All blessed relics of the Holy Prophet plans ally we will like his shirt, his blessed saliva, etc benefit the believers in the grave.
2. No holy relics will benefit the infidels and hypocrites in the Hereafter.
3. To place holy relics in the graves of believers with the view of obtaining relief from the punishment of the grave is not only permissible but is by the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم.
4. Do not refrain from keeping holy relics with the deceased in fear that they will become stained with impurities of the corpse. We drink the holy water of Zam Zam knowing that after it reaches the stomach it changes to urine. Yet no one stops drinking it due to this fear Thus from this verse and Hadith it is proven to shroud the corpse in Kafan and to bury him in the Ghilaaf covering of the Ka'bah.
84. And never (O Muhammad ) pray (funeral prayer) for any of them (hypocrites) who dies, nor stand at his grave. Certainly they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger, and died while they were Fasiqun.
Allah commands His Messenger to disown the hypocrites, to abstain from praying the funeral prayer when any of them dies, from standing next to his grave to seek Allah’s forgiveness for him, or to invoke Allah for his benefit. This is because hypocrites disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger and died as such. This ruling applies to all those who are known to be hypocrites, even though it was revealed about the specific case of `Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, the chief hypocrite. Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Umar said, “When `Abdullah bin Ubayy died, his son, `Abdullah bin `Abdullah, came to the Messenger of Allah and asked him to give him his shirt to shroud his father in, and the Messenger did that. He also asked that the Prophet offer his father’s funeral prayer, and Allah’s Messenger stood up to offer the funeral prayer. `Umar took hold of the Prophet’s robe and said, `O Allah’s Messenger! Are you going to offer his funeral prayer even though your Lord has forbidden you to do so’ Allah’s Messenger said,
(I have been given the choice, for Allah says:
(Whether you ask forgiveness for them (hypocrites), or do not ask for forgiveness for them. Even though you ask for their forgiveness seventy times, Allah will not forgive them.)
(Verily, I will ask ﴿for forgiveness for him﴾ more than seventy times).’ `Umar said, `He is a hypocrite!’ So Allah’s Messenger offered the funeral prayer and on that Allah revealed this Verse,
(And never (O Muhammad) pray (funeral prayer) for any of them (hypocrites) who dies, nor stand at his grave.)†`Umar bin Al-Khattab narrated a similar narration. In this narration, `Umar said, “The Prophet offered his funeral prayer, walked with the funeral procession and stood on his grave until he was buried. I was amazed at my daring to talk like this to the Messenger of Allah , while Allah and His Messenger have better knowledge. By Allah, soon afterwards, these two Ayat were revealed,
(And never (O Muhammad ) pray (funeral prayer) for any of them (hypocrites) who dies.) Ever since this revelation came, the Prophet never offered the funeral prayer for any hypocrite nor stood on his grave until Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored, brought death to him.†At-Tirmidhi collected this Hadith in his Tafsir ï´¿section of his Sunanï´¾ and said, “Hasan Sahihâ€. Al-Bukhari also recorded it.
88. This verse was sent down to prevent the Prophet (peace be upon him) from saying funeral prayers for Abdullah bin Ubayy, the ringleader of the hypocrites, who died a short while after the Tabuk expedition. His son Abdullah who was a sincere Muslim called on the Prophet (peace be upon him) and requested him to give his shirt for his father’s shroud. The Prophet (peace be upon him) very generously granted his request. Then he begged the Prophet (peace be upon him) to lead his father’s funeral prayer. The Prophet (peace be upon him) agreed to this also but Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) very respectfully requested him repeatedly not to do so, saying, “O Prophet of Allah! will you say funeral prayer for a person who was guilty of such and such crimes and sins.†The Prophet (peace be upon him), who was a blessing both for friends and for foes, got ready to say funeral prayer even for that man who was a deadly enemy of Islam. At last when he stood up to lead the funeral prayer, this verse was sent down to prevent him from this by a direct command from God, in accordance with the changed policy declared in Ayat 73 which forbade to do anything that might encourage the hypocrites among the Muslims.
The above incident led to the formulation of the regulation that the leaders and prominent people from among the Muslims should neither lead, nor offer the funeral prayers of the sinners against Islam, or for those notorious for their disobedience to Islam. After this, whenever a request was made to the Prophet (peace be upon him) for a funeral prayer, he would first inquire about the conduct of the deceased person. If he came to know that he was a bad person, he would say to his people, “You may perform his burial just as you likeâ€.
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