Transliteration:( Fa izansalakhal Ashhurul Hurumu faqtulul mushrikeena haisu wajattumoohum wa khuzoohum wahsuroohum waq'udoo lahum kulla marsad; fa-in taaboo wa aqaamus Salaata wa aatawuz Zakaata fakhalloo sabeelahum; innal laaha Ghafoorur Raheem )
8. The writer of Roohul Bayaan has stated that in this verse by sacred months is meant those months of security of the infidels which were four consecutive months. Hence this verse is not abrogated, while this means in which War be forbidden before Islam are Rajab, Zil-Qaidah, Zil-Hajj and Muharram. Now war during these months is permissible. Because war against the infidels was forbidden during those months of security they have been called "the sacred months".
9. Thus there were nine months of agreement had remaining of Bani Hamzah. This period was allowed to be completed From this we learn that four months were allowed for these infidels who themselves had violated this agreement.
10 Neither time nor place will give protection or security even if they seek the sanctuary of the sacred Mosque nor any other sacred place. (Roohul Bayaan, Khazainul Irfaan).
11. From this we learn that everything is permissible in war which is not forbidden by Islam, because it is said here to sit and wait for them in every possible way ie. inflict defeat on them through every possible means.Â
12. From this verse emerges a few issues:
1. The faith of one in dire straits is acceptable as can be understood from "if they repent" eg if the infidels offer repentance from their infidelity it would be accepted voluntary or out of fear,
2 Salaah and Zakaat are signs of accepting- Islam and offering sincere repentance from infidelity because both these deed are the foundation of all pious deeds.
3. Any infidel who declares faith when in captivity but does not offer his Salaah is not entitled for his freedom because his release is made largely dependent on his establishment of Salaah
13. By this is meant due to the blessings of repentance, Salaah and Zakaat infidelity and acts of infidelity of this period would be forgiven. Religious Issue If any one was compelled to accept Islam becomes an apostate should not be slain. Rather he should be forced to accept Islam once again viz. an apostate woman (Tafseer Roohul Bayaan)
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5. So when the Sacred Months have passed, then fight the Mushrikin wherever you find them, and capture them and besiege them, and lie in wait for them in each and every ambush. But if they repent and perform the Salah, and give the Zakah, then leave their way free. Verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Mujahid, `Amr bin Shu`ayb, Muhammad bin Ishaq, Qatadah, As-Suddi and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said that the four months mentioned in this Ayah are the four-month grace period mentioned in the earlier Ayah,
(So travel freely for four months throughout the land.) Allah said next,
(So when the Sacred Months have passed…), meaning, `Upon the end of the four months during which We prohibited you from fighting the idolators, and which is the grace period We gave them, then fight and kill the idolators wherever you may find them.’ Allah’s statement next,
(then fight the Mushrikin wherever you find them), means, on the earth in general, except for the Sacred Area, for Allah said,
(And fight not with them at Al-Masjid Al-Haram, unless they fight you there. But if they attack you, then fight them. )ï´¿2:191ï´¾ Allah said here,
(and capture them), executing some and keeping some as prisoners,
(and besiege them, and lie in wait for them in each and every ambush), do not wait until you find them. Rather, seek and besiege them in their areas and forts, gather intelligence about them in the various roads and fairways so that what is made wide looks ever smaller to them. This way, they will have no choice, but to die or embrace Islam,
(But if they repent and perform the Salah, and give the Zakah, then leave their way free. Verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Abu Bakr As-Siddiq used this and other honorable Ayat as proof for fighting those who refrained from paying the Zakah. These Ayat allowed fighting people unless, and until, they embrace Islam and implement its rulings and obligations. Allah mentioned the most important aspects of Islam here, including what is less important. Surely, the highest elements of Islam after the Two Testimonials, are the prayer, which is the right of Allah, the Exalted and Ever High, then the Zakah, which benefits the poor and needy. These are the most honorable acts that creatures perform, and this is why Allah often mentions the prayer and Zakah together. In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that Ibn `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said,
(I have been commanded to fight the people until they testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establish the prayer and pay the Zakah.) This honorable Ayah (9:5) was called the Ayah of the Sword, about which Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim said, “It abrogated every agreement of peace between the Prophet and any idolator, every treaty, and every term.†Al-`Awfi said that Ibn `Abbas commented: “No idolator had any more treaty or promise of safety ever since Surah Bara’ah was revealed. The four months, in addition to, all peace treaties conducted before Bara’ah was revealed and announced had ended by the tenth of the month of Rabi` Al-Akhir.â€
6. Here “the sacred months†are not those four months during which war is forbidden for the sake of Hajj and Umrah but the four months that were made unlawful for the Muslims to attack those mushriks who were granted respite by Ayat 2.
7. That is, “Mere repentance from disbelief and shirk will not end the matter. But they shall have to perform the prescribed prayer and pay Zakat dues. Without these it will not be considered that they had given up disbelief and embraced Islam.†Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) based his decision on this verse in the case of the apostates, after the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him), who argued that they were not rejecting Islam, because they offered Salat, even though they had refused to pay the Zakat dues. This argument roused doubts in the minds of the companions in general that they had no right to fight with such people as these. But Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) removed their doubts, saying, “Verse 5 enjoins us to let those people go their way who fulfill all the three conditions, repentance from shirk, the establishment of Salat, and the payment of Zakat. We cannot forbear them, because they do not fulfill one of these three conditions.â€
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