Transliteration:( Alam tara ilal lazeena naafaqoo yaqooloona li ikhwaanihimul lazeena kafaroo min ahlil kitaabi la'in ukhrijtum lanakhrujanna ma'akum wa laa nutee'u feekum ahadan abadanw-wa in qootiltum lanansuran nakum wallaahu yashhadu innahum lakaaziboon )
37. This tells us that the hypocrites are brothers of the infidels and not of the believers. Even though outwardly they may read the Kalimah, in time of need they will side with the infidels.Â
We further learn that to call the infidels brothers and regard them as brothers is the practice of the hypocrites.
38. The hypocrites of Medina had made a secret agreement with the Jews of Madina, the Banu Nazeer, that in the event of war with the believers they would assist them. If the Muslims overpower them and banish them from Madina they will go with them. In this verse, the above secret agreement of the hypocrites is exposed.
39. This means if the believers and even the Holy Prophet صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم were to stop us from giving help to you, we will not listen to them and continue to side with you.
40. This tells us that a hypocrite, in reality, is no one's friend, nor are their promises reliable. Neither the infidels give any credence to them, nor the believers. Furthermore, Allah Almighty fully informs His Beloved Prophet صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم , of their concealed secrets because this discussion of the hypocrites had taken place in total secrecy. Then whatever Allah Almighty had said took place.
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11. Have you not observed the hypocrites who say to their disbelieving brethren among the People of the Scripture, “If you are expelled, we indeed will go out with you, and we shall never obey anyone against you; and if you are attacked, we shall indeed help you.†But Allah is Witness that they verily are liars. 12. Surely, if they (the Jews) are expelled, never will they (hypocrites) go out with them; and if they are attacked, they will never help them. And (even) if they do help them, they (hypocrites) will turn their backs, and they will not be victorious. 13. Verily, you are more fearful in their breasts than Allah. That is because they are a people who comprehend not. 14. They fight not against you even together, except in fortified townships, or from behind walls. Their enmity among themselves is very great. You would think they were united, but their hearts are divided. That is because they are a people who understand not. 15. They are like their immediate predecessors; they tasted the evil result of their conduct, and for them a painful torment. 16. Like Shaytan, when he says to man: “Disbelieve.†But when he disbelieves, Shaytan says: “I am free of you, I fear Allah, the Lord of all that exists!†17. So, the end of both will be that they will be in the Fire, abiding therein. Such is the recompense of the wrongdoers.
Allah states that the hypocrites, `Abdullah bin Ubayy and his like, sent a messenger to Bani An-Nadir promising them help. Allah the Exalted said,
(Have you not observed the hypocrites who say to their friends among the People of the Scripture who disbelieve: “If you are expelled, we indeed will go out with you, and we shall never obey anyone against you; and if you are attacked, we shall indeed help you.â€) Allah then said,
(But Allah is Witness that they verily are liars.) meaning, the hypocrites lied when they issued this promise, because it was just words that they did not intend to fulfill. Also, what they said they would do, would never have been fulfilled by them, and this is why Allah said,
(and if they are attacked, they will never help them.) meaning, the hypocrites will not fight along with the Jews,
(And (even) if they do help them, ) and even if the hypocrites did fight along their side,
(they will turn their backs, and they will not be victorious.) This Ayah contains good news, just as the good news that this following Ayah conveys,
(Verily, you are more fearful in their breasts than Allah.) meaning, the hypocrites fear you more than they fear Allah, as He says;
(Behold! a section of them fear men as they fear Allah or even more.)(4:77) This is why Allah said,
(That is because they are a people who comprehend not.) Allah then said,
(They fight not against you even together, except in fortified townships, or from behind walls.) meaning, they will not fight Muslims except from behind besieged fortified forts, because of their cowardice and fear of Muslims. They only fight when they have to defend themselves (even though they threaten Muslims of reprisals). Allah the Exalted said,
(Their enmity among themselves is very great.) meaning, the enmity they feel against each other is intense,
(And make you to taste the violence of one another.)(6:65) Allah said in the Ayah,
(You would think they were united, but their hearts are divided.) meaning, even though one might see them combining forces and think that these forces are harmonious, yet in reality, they are divided severely. Ibrahim An-Nakha`i said that this Ayah refers to the hypocrites and the People of the Scriptures,
(That is because they are a people who understand not.) Allah said,
(They are like their immediate predecessors; they tasted the evil result of their conduct, and for them a painful torment.) referring to the Jewish tribe of Bani Qaynuqa`, according to Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah and Muhammad bin Ishaq.
Allah said,
(Like Shaytan, when he says to man: “Disbelieve.†But when (man) disbelieves, Shaytan says: “I am free of you…â€) meaning, the example of the Jews being deceived by the promises of the hypocrites, who said that they will help them if Muslims fight them, is that of the devil. When matters got serious and the Jews were besieged, the hypocrites betrayed them and abandoned them to taste utter defeat. Likewise, the devil lures mankind into disbelief and when they obey him, he disowns them and declares himself free of their actions, saying,
(I fear Allah, the Lord of all that exists!) Allah said,
(So, the end of both will be that they will be in the Fire, abiding therein.) meaning, the end of both he, Shaytan, who commanded that dis- belief be committed, and those who accep- ted his call, was in the fire of Hell forever,
(Such is the recompense of the wrongdoers. ) means, this is the recompense of every unjust person.
22. From the style of this whole section (Surah Al-Hashr, Ayat 11-17), it appears that it was revealed at the time when the Prophet (peace be upon him) had served a notice on the Bani anNadir to leave Al-Madinah within ten days, but had not yet laid siege to their quarters. As has been mentioned about, when the Prophet (peace be upon him) served the notice to the Bani an-Nadir, Abdullah bin Ubayy and other leaders of the hypocrites of Al-Madinah sent them a message to the effect that they would come to their aid with two thousand men, and that the Bani Quraizah and the Bani Ghatafan would also rise in their support; therefore, they should stand firm and should never surrender to the Muslims. For if the Muslims waged a war against hem, they would fight them from their side; and if they expelled hem, they also would go out with them. Thereupon Allah sent down these verses. Thus, chronologically this section is an earlier revelation and the first section a later revelation, when the Bani an-Nadir had actually been driven out of Al-Madinah. But in the Quran the order of the two passages has been reversed for the reason that the subject matter of the first section is of greater importance
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