Transliteration:( Wa law anna likulli nafsin zalamat maa fil ardi laftadat bih; wa asarrun nadaamata lammaa ra awul 'azaab, wa qudiya bainahum bilqist; wa hum laa yuzlamoon )
"And if every unjust soul [152] had all that is in the earth, it would surely ransom itself with it. And they were secretly ashamed [153] in their hearts when they saw the punishment. And it was decided between them with justice [154], and they will not be wronged." (Kanzul Imaan Translation)
The "unjust soul" refers to the infidel or polytheist, as clarified in the following verses. These individuals, upon witnessing the punishment, would wish they could ransom themselves with everything in the world, realizing too late the weight of their disbelief and sins.
When the punishment becomes a reality, the disbelievers will feel ashamed in their hearts, acknowledging the truth of the punishment they once mocked. This is the moment of realization, where regret and remorse take over, although it comes too late to save them.
The verse reminds that justice is when a decision is made in accordance with divine law. The eternal punishment for infidelity and polytheism is not unjust, as their rejection of Allah’s message warrants such consequences. The verse addresses the objection of why a few years of disbelief would lead to eternal punishment, affirming that the decision is made justly, according to Allah's perfect wisdom.
The tafsir of Surah Yunus verse 54 by Ibn Kathir is unavailable here.
Please refer to Surah Yunus ayat 53 which provides the complete commentary from verse 53 through 54.
(10:54) If a wrong-doer had all that is in the earth he would surely offer it to ransom himself. When the wrong-doers perceive the chastisement, they will feel intense remorse in their hearts.[59] But a judgement shall be made with full justice about them. They shall not be wronged.
59. “And they will feel remorse”. When all of a sudden, they face the torment on the Day, which they had denied throughout their lives, and on that presumption had gone on doing wrong deeds. Not only this: they will also feel very sorry that they had denied the Messengers and brought baseless charges against them, who had warned them of it. Therefore when they witness it against all their expectations, they will find the ground slipping from under their feet and will feel utterly helpless and guilty in their minds because of the remembrance of their wrong doings and of the pricking of their conscience. In short, their condition will be that of a gambler, who turns a deaf ear to the counsel of his well wishers and stakes his all on mere speculation and goes bankrupt. But such a person has to blame none but himself only for his sad plight.
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