Transliteration:( Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo laa tattakhizul Yahooda wan nasaaraaa awliyaaa'; ba'duhum awliyaaa'u ba'd; wa mai yatawallahum minkum fa innahoo minhum; innal laaha laa yahdil qawmaz zaalimeen )
รย 164. Reason for its revelation:
This verse was revealed concerning the noble Companion Hazrat Abadah ibn Samit (May Allah be pleased with him) and Abdullah ibn Ubay, the notorious hypocrite. Hazrat Abadah (May Allah be pleased with him) said that although the aristocratic Yahud are my friends now I despise that friendship which is bereft of Allah and his Beloved Prophet รยตรโรโฐ รยงรโรโรโก รยนรโรล รโก รหรยขรโรโก รหรยณรโรโฆ. But Abdullah ibn Ubay said that it is important for him to maintain a friendship with the Yahud, though he loves Allah and His Rasool. After listening to their discussion the Holy Prophet told the hypocrite that maintaining a friendship with the Yahud is your work, not that of Abadah (May Allah be pleased with him).
From this emerge a few issues:
To keep friendship and close association with the Yahud and Nasara and seeking their aid unless under extreme circumstances, is totally forbidden.
2 To keep close companionship with the infidels is the sign of hypocrites.
3. If close companionship with the People of the Book is forbidden then to maintain this type of relationship with the polytheists is forbidden to the highest degree because these polytheists are worse than the People of the Book.
165. By this is meant in opposition to Islam. These Yahud and Nasara are friends unto one another, though in reality in their personal relationship with one another, they are totally divided. Says Allah Almighty: "And we cast among them enmity and hatred" (SS: V64). And further Allah Almighty says: "And you will think of them as a united gang" (S59:V14) Hence there is no inconsistency in the verse.
166. Therefore, Hazrat Abu Moosa Ash'ary (May Allah be pleased with him) had employed a Christian scribe. When Hazrat Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) asked for a reason the reply was he was a capable scribe and it is difficult to run the affairs of Basrah without his help. Hazrat Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) asked. "What will you do when he dies? (Tafseer Khazain) From this we learn that in an Islamic state, Non-Muslims should not be given key.
รย
51. O you who believe! Do not take friends from the Jews and the Christians, as they are but friends of each other. And if any among you befriends them, then surely, he is one of them. Verily, Allah guides not those people who are the wrongdoers. 52. And you see those in whose hearts there is a disease, they hurry to their friendship, saying: โWe fear lest some misfortune of a disaster may befall us. โ Perhaps Allah may bring a victory or a decision according to His will. Then they will become regretful for what they have been keeping as a secret in themselves. 53. And those who believe will say: โAre these the men who swore their strongest oaths by Allah that they were with youโ All that they did has been in vain, and they have become the losers.
Allah forbids His believing servants from having Jews and Christians as friends, because they are the enemies of Islam and its people, may Allah curse them. Allah then states that they are friends of each other and He gives a warning threat to those who do this,
(And if any among you befriends them, then surely he is one of them.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Umar ordered Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari to send him on one sheet of balance the count of what he took in and what he spent. Abu Musa then had a Christian scribe, and he was able to comply with `Umarโs demand. `Umar liked what he saw and exclaimed, โThis scribe is proficient. Would you read in the Masjid a letter that came to us from Ash-Shamโ Abu Musa said, `He cannot.โ `Umar said, โIs he not pureโ Abu Musa said, โNo, but he is Christian.โ Abu Musa said, โSo `Umar admonished me and poked my thigh (with his finger), saying, `Drive him out (from Al-Madinah).โ He then recited,
(O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friendsโฆ)โ Then he reported that `Abdullah bin `Utbah said, โLet one of you beware that he might be a Jew or a Christian, while unaware.โ The narrator of this statement said, โWe thought that he was referring to the Ayah,
(O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends, )โ Allah said,
(And you see those in whose hearts there is a diseaseโฆ) A disease of doubt, hesitation and hypocrisy.
(they hurry to their friendship,) meaning, they rush to offer them their friendship and allegiances in secret and in public,
(saying: โWe fear lest some misfortune of a disaster may befall us.โ) They thus offer this excuse for their friendship and allegiances to the disbelievers, saying that they fear that the disbelievers might defeat the Muslims, so they want to be in favor with the Jews and Christians, to use this favor for their benefit in that eventuality! Allah replied,
(Perhaps Allah may bring a victoryโฆ) referring to the conquering of Makkah, according to As-Suddi.
(or a decision according to His will) requiring the Jews and Christians to pay the Jizyah, as As-Suddi stated,
(Then they will become) meaning, the hypocrites who gave their friendship to the Jews and Christians, will become,
(for what they have been keeping as a secret in themselves) of allegiances,
(regretful,) for their friendship with the Jews and Christians which did not benefit them or protect them from any harm. Rather, it was nothing but harm, as Allah exposed their true reality to His faithful servants in this life, although they tried to conceal it. When the signs that exposed their hypocrisy were compiled against them, their matter became clear to Allahโs faithful servants. So the believers were amazed at these hypocrites who pretended to be believers, swearing to their faithfulness, yet their claims were all lies and deceit. This is why Allah said, s
(And those who believe will say, โAre these the men who swore their strongest oaths by Allah that they were with youโ All that they did has been in vain, and they have become the losers.)
(5:51) Believers! Do not take the Jews and the Christians for your allies. They are the allies of each other. And among you he who takes them for allies, shall be regarded as one of them. Allah does not guide the wrong-doers.
There is no commentary by Abul Maududi available for this verse.
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