Transliteration:( Wa qaalat taaa'ifatum min Ahlil Kitaabi aaminoo billazeee unzila 'alal lazeena aamanoo wajhan nahaari wakfurooo aakhirahoo la'alla hum yarji'oon )
"And a group of the People of the Scripture said: 'Believe in what was revealed to the believers in the morning and later deny it in the evening; perhaps they may return [152].'"
This conspiracy was made by twelve Jewish priests of Khaibar. They planned that a group of Yahud would pretend to accept Islam in the morning and leave it by evening, saying there was no greatness in either Islam or the Prophet ﷺ. They claimed a true Prophet would be one mentioned in their scriptures. The Qur’an exposed and nullified their plan.
Disbelievers create such schemes against Islam that even the devil may not think of.
The penalty of death for apostasy was implemented due to its danger. An apostate rebels against Divine Order. Even in the time of Musa (peace be upon him), the worshippers of the golden calf were commanded to be killed: "Then kill among yourselves" (Surah 2: Verse 54).
The tafsir of Surah Imran verse 72 by Ibn Kathir is unavailable here.
Please refer to Surah Imran ayat 69 which provides the complete commentary from verse 69 through 74.
(3:72) A party of the People of the Book said: ‘Believe in the morning what has been revealed to those who believe, and then deny it in the evening that they may thus retract (from their faith).’[61]
61. This was one of the devices adopted by the leaders and rabbis of the Jews who lived on the outskirts of Madina in order to damage the mission of Islam. To demoralize the Muslims and create misgivings about the Prophet (peace be on him), they sent their agents to embrace Islam publicly, then to renounce it, and subsequently to go about telling people they had done so because of the faults they had found in Islam, the Muslims and their Prophet.
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